03_docker_compose
yaml
# ============================================================
# Docker Compose 配置详解
# ============================================================
# Docker Compose 用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用
# 配置文件默认名：docker-compose.yml 或 compose.yaml
#
# 常用命令：
# docker compose up -d # 启动所有服务
# docker compose down # 停止并删除容器
# docker compose ps # 查看服务状态
# docker compose logs -f # 查看日志
# docker compose exec web bash # 进入容器
# ============================================================
# Compose 文件版本（可选，新版本不需要）
# version: "3.8"
# ============================================================
# 服务定义
# ============================================================
services:
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# Web 应用服务
# ----------------------------------------------------------
web:
# 镜像名称（二选一：image 或 build）
image: nginx:alpine
# 或者从 Dockerfile 构建
# build:
# context: . # 构建上下文路径
# dockerfile: Dockerfile # Dockerfile 文件名
# args: # 构建参数
# - NODE_ENV=production
# target: production # 多阶段构建目标
# 容器名称
container_name: my-web
# 端口映射
ports:
- "80:80" # 宿主机:容器
- "443:443"
- "127.0.0.1:8080:80" # 只绑定本地
# 数据卷挂载
volumes:
- ./nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html # 绑定挂载
- ./nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro # 只读挂载
- nginx_logs:/var/log/nginx # 命名卷
# 环境变量
environment:
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
- NGINX_HOST=localhost
# 或从文件读取环境变量
# env_file:
# - .env
# - .env.local
# 网络
networks:
- frontend
- backend
# 依赖关系（决定启动顺序）
depends_on:
- api
- db
# 更严格的依赖（等待服务健康）
# depends_on:
# db:
# condition: service_healthy
# redis:
# condition: service_started
# 重启策略
restart: unless-stopped
# 可选值：no, always, on-failure, unless-stopped
# 健康检查
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost"]
interval: 30s
timeout: 10s
retries: 3
start_period: 10s
# 资源限制
deploy:
resources:
limits:
cpus: '0.5'
memory: 512M
reservations:
cpus: '0.25'
memory: 256M
# 日志配置
logging:
driver: "json-file"
options:
max-size: "10m"
max-file: "3"
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# API 服务
# ----------------------------------------------------------
api:
build:
context: ./api
dockerfile: Dockerfile
args:
NODE_ENV: production
container_name: my-api
ports:
- "3000:3000"
volumes:
- ./api:/app
- /app/node_modules # 排除 node_modules
environment:
NODE_ENV: production
PORT: 3000
DB_HOST: db
DB_PORT: 5432
DB_NAME: ${DB_NAME:-myapp} # 使用环境变量，默认值 myapp
DB_USER: ${DB_USER}
DB_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
REDIS_HOST: redis
REDIS_PORT: 6379
env_file:
- .env
networks:
- backend
depends_on:
db:
condition: service_healthy
redis:
condition: service_started
restart: unless-stopped
# 运行命令覆盖
command: ["npm", "run", "start:prod"]
# 或使用 entrypoint
# entrypoint: ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"]
# 工作目录
working_dir: /app
# 用户
user: "node"
# 额外的 hosts 映射
extra_hosts:
- "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# 数据库服务
# ----------------------------------------------------------
db:
image: postgres:15-alpine
container_name: my-db
ports:
- "5432:5432"
volumes:
- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
- ./init-scripts:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d # 初始化脚本
environment:
POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_NAME:-myapp}
POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USER:-postgres}
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
PGDATA: /var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata
networks:
- backend
restart: unless-stopped
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U ${DB_USER:-postgres}"]
interval: 10s
timeout: 5s
retries: 5
start_period: 30s
# 共享内存大小（PostgreSQL 需要）
shm_size: 256mb
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# Redis 缓存服务
# ----------------------------------------------------------
redis:
image: redis:7-alpine
container_name: my-redis
ports:
- "6379:6379"
volumes:
- redis_data:/data
- ./redis/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
# 自定义启动命令
command: redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf --appendonly yes
networks:
- backend
restart: unless-stopped
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
interval: 10s
timeout: 5s
retries: 5
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# MySQL 数据库
# ----------------------------------------------------------
mysql:
image: mysql:8.0
container_name: my-mysql
ports:
- "3306:3306"
volumes:
- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
- ./mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d
- ./mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL_DATABASE:-myapp}
MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL_USER:-user}
MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_PASSWORD}
TZ: Asia/Shanghai
networks:
- backend
restart: unless-stopped
command: --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"]
interval: 10s
timeout: 5s
retries: 5
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# MongoDB 数据库
# ----------------------------------------------------------
mongo:
image: mongo:6
container_name: my-mongo
ports:
- "27017:27017"
volumes:
- mongo_data:/data/db
- ./mongo/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
environment:
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: ${MONGO_USER:-root}
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MONGO_PASSWORD}
MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE: ${MONGO_DATABASE:-myapp}
networks:
- backend
restart: unless-stopped
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# Elasticsearch
# ----------------------------------------------------------
elasticsearch:
image: elasticsearch:8.10.0
container_name: my-elasticsearch
ports:
- "9200:9200"
- "9300:9300"
volumes:
- es_data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
environment:
- discovery.type=single-node
- xpack.security.enabled=false
- "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
networks:
- backend
restart: unless-stopped
deploy:
resources:
limits:
memory: 1G
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# RabbitMQ 消息队列
# ----------------------------------------------------------
rabbitmq:
image: rabbitmq:3-management-alpine
container_name: my-rabbitmq
ports:
- "5672:5672" # AMQP
- "15672:15672" # 管理界面
volumes:
- rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
environment:
RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: ${RABBITMQ_USER:-admin}
RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: ${RABBITMQ_PASSWORD}
networks:
- backend
restart: unless-stopped
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# MinIO 对象存储
# ----------------------------------------------------------
minio:
image: minio/minio:latest
container_name: my-minio
ports:
- "9000:9000" # API
- "9001:9001" # 控制台
volumes:
- minio_data:/data
environment:
MINIO_ROOT_USER: ${MINIO_USER:-admin}
MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MINIO_PASSWORD}
command: server /data --console-address ":9001"
networks:
- backend
restart: unless-stopped
# ============================================================
# 网络定义
# ============================================================
networks:
# 前端网络
frontend:
driver: bridge
# 后端网络
backend:
driver: bridge
# 自定义网络配置
# ipam:
# config:
# - subnet: 172.20.0.0/16
# 使用外部已存在的网络
# external_network:
# external: true
# ============================================================
# 数据卷定义
# ============================================================
volumes:
# 命名卷（由 Docker 管理）
nginx_logs:
postgres_data:
redis_data:
mysql_data:
mongo_data:
es_data:
rabbitmq_data:
minio_data:
# 带选项的卷
# custom_volume:
# driver: local
# driver_opts:
# type: nfs
# o: addr=192.168.1.100,rw
# device: ":/path/to/dir"
# ============================================================
# 配置定义（Configs）
# ============================================================
# configs:
# nginx_config:
# file: ./nginx/nginx.conf
#
# # 使用配置
# # services:
# # web:
# # configs:
# # - source: nginx_config
# # target: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# ============================================================
# 密钥定义（Secrets）
# ============================================================
# secrets:
# db_password:
# file: ./secrets/db_password.txt
#
# # 使用密钥
# # services:
# # db:
# # secrets:
# # - db_password
# # 密钥会挂载到 /run/secrets/db_password
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